Java Enumerations ~ GNIITHELP

Enumerations was added to Java language in JDK5. Enumeration means a list of named constant. In Java, enumeration defines a class type. An Enumeration can have constructors, methods and instance variables. It is created using enum keyword. Each enumeration constant is public, static and final by default. Even though enumeration defines a class type and have constructors, you do not instantiate an enum using new. Enumeration variables are used and declared in much a same way as you do a primitive variable.

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How to Define and Use an Enumeration

1. An enumeration can be defined simply by creating a list of enum variable. Let us take an example for list of Subject variable, with different subjects in the list.

   enum Subject           //Enumeration defined
   {
    Java, Cpp, C, Dbms
   }
   

2. Identifiers Java, Cpp, C and Dbms are called enumeration constants. These are public, static final by default.
3. Variables of Enumeration can be defined directly without any new keyword.

   Subject sub
   

4. Variables of Enumeration type can have only enumeration constants as value.

   sub = Subject.Java;
   

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Example of Enumeration

enum WeekDays
{ sun, mon, tues, wed, thurs, fri, sat }

class Test
{
 public static void main(String args[])
 {
  WeekDays wk;
  wk = WeekDays.sun;
  System.out.println("Today is "+wk);
 }
}

Output :

 
Today is sun

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Values( ) and ValueOf( ) method

All the enumerations have values() and valueOf() methods in them. values() method returns an array of enum-type containing all the enumeration constants in it. Its general form is,

public static enum-type[ ] values() 

valueOf() method is used to return the enumeration constant whose value is equal to the string passed in as argument while calling this method. It's general form is,

public static enum-type valueOf (String str)

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Points to remember about Enumerations

1. Enumerations are of class type, and have all the capabilities that a Java class has.
2. Enumerations can have Constructors, instance Variables, methods and can even implement Interfaces.
3. Enumerations are not instantiated using new keyword.
4. All Enumerations by default inherit java.lang.Enum class.

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Enumeration with Constructor, instance variable and Method

enum Student
{
 John(11), Bella(10), Sam(13), Viraaj(9);
 private int age;                   //age of students
 int getage { return age; }
 public Student(int age)
 {
  this.age= age;
 }
}

class EnumDemo
{
 public static void main( String args[] )
 {
  Student S;
  System.out.println("Age of Viraaj is " +Student.Viraaj.getage()+ "years");
 }
}

Output :

Age of Viraaj is 9 years

In this example as soon as we declare an enum variable(Student S), the constructor is called once, and it initializes age for every enumeration constant with values specified with them in parenthesis.